Travel around Australia is dominated by one over-riding feature of the country - its sheer size. Sydney to Perth for example is a journey of over 4000km (over 2550 miles). To break this down, that means three days by train or coach, or about four days in a car. Of course, it's only four hours by plane, which shows why air travel is by far the most popular form of long distance domestic transport.
Take a note of when public holidays fall as these may affect your transport options.
by Air
Check here for flights to the main airports Australia from USA , Canada , United Kingdom , France , South America and The Netherlands.
For distances over about 800km (500 miles), you'd be crazy not to consider flying - especially if you don't have that much time for your holiday. There are domestic routes between all of Australia's larger cities and a great many smaller regional airports offering direct domestic routes. You'll often find the smaller the destination the greater the cost but when this is offset against the difficulties of arranging alternative transportation you'll find air travel doesn't represent bad value.
In any case international tourists will find that there are always a great number of discounts and special deals available to them on internal flights and if you book far enough in advance (a couple of weeks) you can often secure reduced price tickets.
If you will be doing a lot of travelling, consider getting an air travel pass before arriving in Oz, or alternatively arrange a ticket that offers you a certain number of transfers within Australia during your stay.
There is a departure tax of AUD38 imposed on all international departures. This is always added to the price of air tickets bought in Australia and is included in most, but not all, return air fares on most airlines that fly in and out of Australia. The tax must be paid at the airport if it hasn't been included in the original ticket price.
by Train
For simply getting from one place to another, the Aussie rail network isn't all that much to write home about. However, if you are one of those that enjoy long and luxurious rail trips, then this is the country for you. Enjoy the spectacular scenery at a relaxed pace in one of the double-decker cross-country trains.
Although there are many individual rail companies, they are all covered by an umbrella company, Rail Australia, which helps make booking easier. If you are going to be doing a lot of travel, you should consider buying one of the many regional or national passes available for varying lengths of stay. Popular tickets include the East Coast and New South Wales passes, which are available to cover various areas of those two regions.
An Austrail flexi-pass gives you any 15 or 22 days of travel in six months for AUD952.38/AUD1335.84 However, the flexi-pass does not cover certain trips, including to Alice Springs from Sydney or Melbourne, so check before you buy. Seats still have to be booked in advance for journeys covered with the flexi-pass, so plan your itinerary carefully.
Lovers of train travel may want to consider the Great Southern Railway Pass. This gives unlimited travel on the continent's epic journeys, including the Ghan and the Indian Pacific, over a six month period. Prices start at AUD450 for students & backpackers and AUD590 for adults.
You can call Rail Australia's reservations helpdesk on Tel: +61 (0)8-8213-4592 but it is possible to book passes before you travel from international booking agents in most countries.
RailPass Options:
Austrail flexi-pass: 15 days travel in six months. Cost: AUD952.38
Austrail flexi-pass: 22 days travel in six months. Cost: AUD1335.84
by Bus
Travelling around Australia by coach has to be seen as the last option - or the budget option. It is very cheap but before you consider this, ask yourself how long you are prepared to sit in a single seat for - then see if your trip is feasible. Remember that in a coach unlike a car, you don't have the option of stopping when and where you like, and, unlike a train, you can't get up and walk around - you're in it for the long haul, and in Australia that is seriously long.
Although there are many companies serving various regions, there's only one major national bus company, McCafferty's/Greyhound. For bookings, call the national number: Tel: 13-14-99. The Sydney terminal can be contacted on Tel: +61 (0)2-9212-1500.
If you have plenty of time on your hands, or are travelling on a tight budget, you can purchase an AussiePass for unlimited travel on the Greyhound network over anything up to a year. Various passes covering various regions are available.
by Car or Camper
If you arrive by plane and you want to hire a car there are good possibilities at the several airports. Click here to check or book cars at every airport.
Australia is seriously spread out, even suburban city blocks represent a medium length walk and it's no surprise that private transport is king. Almost everyone owns a car, and in the less urbanised areas (the vast majority of the country), a car is vital, as the public transport options can be limited or non-existent.
However, if you are going to be spending time in cities that are far apart, consider hiring different cars in each destination and flying between the cities, otherwise the distances are unmanageable. If you are planning to drive between cities, then generally a conventional car is suitable. If, however, you wish to drive on isolated tracks a 4-Wheel-Drive may be necessary. Especially in the North the wet season can seriously affect road surface quality and make smaller roads completely impassable.
Tourists driving in Australia must carry their national driving licence and passport at all times. If the licence is not in English, you must also carry an International Driving Permit or a translation of the licence into English. These must be carried along with your national driving licence. Driving is on the left and you must overtake on the right. Seat belts must be worn where fitted. In general the speed limit is 60km per hour (35mph) in cities, and 80-110km per hour (50-68mph) on highways unless otherwise stated. Slightly different regulations apply state to state so you should check as you move about the country, and carefully observe roadsigns. Note that left turning on red lights is permitted only when roadsigns indicate it.
Of course, all the usual international car hire companies operate in Australia.
If you are going to travel long distances through the unpopulated areas of the Outback, which is really not recommended at all, there are some basic precautions to take:
1. Tell someone where you are going and arrange to check in with them when you get there.
2. Take along plenty of water, check spare tyres and make sure you have enough fuel - take spare petrol if you think you might need it.
3. Remember, some of the smaller roads marked on maps may only be passable by 4WD vehicles (and even then only for the dry season in the far north).
4. Beware of the huge "Road Trains" - truck and trailer combos that can be over 50 metres long and simply can't stop in a short distance. Give them right of way at all times.
5. Make sure you have a Kangaroo bar fitted. Kangaroos are a lot larger than you might think and although distressing to hit one, without a Kangaroo bar it can be deadly. The impact is bad enough, but irreparably damaging your car is just as serious when you're hundreds of miles away from your destination.
by Boat
Apart from regular car-ferry services linking Melbourne with Tasmania, distances mean that there are few practical ferry options between large Australian cities. There are however many lakes and inland waterways which are serviced by passenger boats available for hire or charter.